3rd Global Experts Meet on
Gynecology and Obstetric Care

Perinatology, or maternal-fetal medicine, is a subspecialty of obstetrics and gynaecology (OB/GYN) that focuses on treating maternal and/or foetal health issues before, during, and soon after pregnancy. Doctors who practise maternal-fetal medicine (MFM) are experts in high-risk pregnancies and have a focus on the unusual. Our Knoxville doctors all hold OB/GYN board certification and have finished a three-year MFM fellowship. Prenatal medicine focuses on foetal sickness and abnormality diagnosis, foetal health management, and foetal development and wellbeing monitoring. In order to avoid maternal and foetal death, illness, and impairment, foetal medicine is essential since the health of the mother and the foetus are inextricably linked.

• care and delivery for pregnant women
• Evaluation and monitoring of the foetus
• Development of the embryo and foetus
• fetal-maternal surgery
• advances in maternal-fetal medicine recently
• Prenatal health and development clinical trials

Before delivery, a diagnosis is made during pregnancy. Your doctor can use it to determine whether your unborn child has a problem. The two primary techniques are chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis (CVS). These tests aid in the early detection of genetic diseases. Some parents have a higher chance of giving birth to a child who has a genetic condition or another issue. They may wish to think about taking one of these exams. Parents may benefit from being aware of issues before the baby is born.

inspection using ultrasound

• Prenatal MRI
• Sonogram of the foetus
• Amniocentesis
• sample chorionic villus
• sample of amniotic fluid

• Urogynecology is a specialty within gynaecology. There are roughly 40 or more international and national research institutes working in this field, and some universities also provide training in this field to women. There are roughly 60 universities that specialise in this field, and they receive funding from 10% industry, 20% academics, and 70% other sources. It is a surgical branch of gynaecology and urology. Female Pelvic Medicine also refers to urogynecology as a specialisation. Urogynecology deals with the diagnosis and treatment of female pelvic floor disorders and urine problems.
• urinary tract infections
• renal failure
• Urology and robotic Procedure
• Cystourethroscopy
• Laparoscopy
• advanced urodynamic tests

A specialist area of medicine called gynecologic oncology focuses on tumours of the female reproductive system. Gynecologic malignancies are treated by gynecologic oncologists. Children with cancer are treated by paediatric oncologists. Children and teens are more frequently affected by certain cancer kinds. This includes leukaemia, osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and a few types of brain tumours. Some cancer types that are more frequent in youngsters can also affect adults. An adult may choose to consult a paediatric oncologist in following circumstances. Leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma are a few examples of the blood malignancies that a haematologist-oncologist may identify and treat.

• Cervical cancer
• Ovarian cancer
• Vaginal cancer
• Vulvar cancer
• Endometrial cancer

Gynecologic procedures can directly change sexual function by changing the female genital tract's architecture. In one research, 83% of the 50 women who underwent pelvic surgery for endometrial, vulvar, or cervical cancer reported having sexual issues, compared to 20% of the control group. 27 They also reported reduced desire for sexual activity and poor lubrication of the vagina. According to a recent study, the majority of the 179 women who had previously experienced invasive cervical cancer were sexually active. Compared to women who had not undergone hysterectomies, those who had reported a lower frequency of loss of interest or desire in sexual activity.

• Cryosurgery for the Cervix
• Hysteroscopy
• Pelvic laparoscopy
• Laparoscopy of the uterus
• Cervical biopsy
• Dilation and Curettage

Cosmetic gynecology, which comprises experts in gynecology, urogynecology, urology, and plastic surgery, has emerged as one of the elective surgery for women fields with the fastest expanding subspecialties. This area of particular interest involves both functional vaginal repairs to improve or assist in restoring sexual function following changes that may occur after delivery and/or age, as well as cosmetic surgeries to enhance the vulvo/vaginal region's aesthetic appearance

• Women's vaginal aesthetic problems.
• Dryness of the cervix
• Cosmetic pelvic surgery on women.
• radiofrequency procedures.

Adolescent obstetrics is the study of adolescent or younger girls who get pregnant, often between the ages of 13 and 19. It is technically defined as a pregnancy in young women who have not turned 20 at the time of delivery, regardless of whether the woman is married or is otherwise considered to be of legal age. Pregnancies among adolescents are linked to lower outcomes. Social interventions may be able to mitigate some of these negative effects. Better results are seen when greater effort is made to address the demands of a particular demographic. Preeclampsia risk is increased in teenagers. It is unlikely that this risk will be reduced until the underlying cause of preeclampsia has been identified.

• Physical Development.
• Adolescent gynaecological issues.
• The Adolescent Gynecologic Surgery.
• Adolescent androgens.

When more than one foetus develops in the uterus simultaneously, the gestation is referred to be multifetal. Additionally, managing these pregnancies might be difficult for Obstetricians. Twins normally occur in nearly one in 250 deliveries, Triplets in about one in 10,000, and Quadruplets in about one in 20,000. Natural occurrences of Twins, Triplets, and Quadruplets occur in roughly one in 250 Pregnancies, one in 10,000 pregnancies, and one in 700,000 pregnancies, respectively. In the United States, there are around 33 pairs of twins for every 1,000 live births, regardless of race. While Hispanic women are less likely to twin, black women and non-Hispanic white women both share similar rates

•        Complication in multifetal pregnancies
•        Types of multifetal gestational
•        Multifetal diagnosis 

Pediatrics is a branch of medicine that oversees the health and clinical treatment of new-borns, children, and adolescents from birth to the age of 18, as well as preventative health care for healthy children. Pediatric published research to reduce infant mortality, control the spread of contagious diseases, promote a healthy lifestyle, and address problems affecting children and teens. increase. It comprises core interventions to promote the wellness of children.

·        Recent advances &researches in pediatrics.
·        Pediatric Dentistry: Developmental and Behavioural Pediatrics
·        Pediatric Nursing
·        Pediatric Nutrition

Midwifery work in cooperation with women, respecting their unique circumstances and viewpoints, to optimise the natural biological, psychological, social, and cultural processes of delivery and the early life of the baby. Midwifery is a way to caring for women and their new-born babies. provide midwife nursing care to help expectant moms through their birthing procedures. Follow-up gyenocology nursing care should be given to new moms and their infants. Inform new moms about how to nurse, bathe, and clothe their children. Teach and inform moms about relevant new born healthcare concerns

• Fetal Care
• breast feeding
• Advantages and Disadvantages of Home Birth
• Immunization under Midwifery Palliative Care
• Post-Partum Care
• Maternity Care

 Reproductive medicine is a branch of medicine that specializes on preserving fertility, identifying, and treating infertility and other reproductive issues. Reproductive medicine also addresses difficulties with adolescence, menopause, contraception (birth control), and specific sexual concerns.   it also treats gynaecological issues that affect preparedness in women, along with their menstrual cycle, ovulation, pregnancy, and menopause.

• IVF & ICSI
• Reproductive Immunology & Endocrinology
• Medical Reproductive Personalization
• Reproductive medicine biomarkers
• Hysteroscopy for Reproductive Cloning Before assisted reproduction technology
• Reproductive obstetrics

Menstruation is the cyclical, regular shedding of the uterine lining brought on by the interplay of hormones generated by the brain, pituitary, and ovaries. The follicular or proliferative phase and the luteal or secretory phase can be used to categorise the menstrual cycle. The length of a menstrual cycle is the number of days that pass between the first day of menstrual bleeding in one cycle to the beginning of menses in the following cycle. Ovulation occurs when an egg reaches maturity and leaves the ovary. The egg is subsequently sent to the fallopian tube, where it is fertilised. There is a strong probability to conceive, which results in the development of an embryo, if the sperms are present in the tube when the egg is expelled

• abnormal periods
• Obesity
• Treatment of menstruation
• ovulation inhibition and induction.

The irregular periods or uncomfortable cramps on a monthly basis might be problems that afflict many women, this does not mean that women must accept them as the norm. Menstrual problems to urine incontinence are only a few of the illnesses that can be treated with a variety of intervention techniques, both surgical and medicinal. In order to rule out any more significant women's health problems, you should go to your doctor if you have very painful cramps, intense stomach discomfort, heavy and/or protracted bleeding between periods, or while having sex.

• Cervical Dysplasia
• Menstrual Disorders
• Pelvic Floor Prolapse
• Perinatel Depression
• Pelvic Pain
• Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
• Uterine Fibroids
• Urinary Incontinence

Malignancy in pregnancy is unusual, but with life expectancies generally greater than 75% and easier access to artificial insemination, more cancer survivors now consider pregnancy, especially with greater access to fertility treatments. Chemo- and radiotherapy, as well as potential effects on foetal development and long-term outcomes, pregnancy outcomes and prognosis, are discussed when malignancy is diagnosed during pregnancy or during pregnancies in cancer survivors. The unique circumstances of conception while taking tamoxifen and pregnancy in cancer survivors who had previously received anthracycline treatment are underlined.

• Causes of malignant pregnancy
• Drugs used to diagnosis  

A hormone produced by the placenta interferes with the body's ability to use insulin, resulting in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). As opposed to being taken in by the cells, glucose accumulates in the blood. If your blood sugar level during the screening test is greater than 130 to 140 mg/dL (7.2 to 7.7 mmol/L), the majority of doctors and nurses will consider it to be high. An extremely high blood sugar level (more than 200 mg/dL [11.1 mmol/L]) indicates a very high likelihood of gestational diabetes.

• Signs of gestational diabetics mellitus
• Factors affecting GDM
• Treatment of GDM

Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is used to identify healthy three- or five-day embryos for uterine transfer by using in vitro diagnostics to identify aneuploidy and monogenic diseases. Analysis of day 5 embryo biopsies combined with parental genome sequences provided highly accurate predictions of the postnatal genotypes relevant to 12 prevalent polygenic illnesses in a unique preclinical investigation of PGT for polygenic disorders [13]. Although this study offers proof-of-concept, it did not provide information on the risk scores' capacity to foretell disease manifestation. Further research is necessary to determine the therapeutic effectiveness of PGT in preventing polygenic illness in kids, as well as the consequences for fertility when there is a shortage of day 5 embryos.

Gynecology has recently advanced due to developments in imaging technologies, endoscopic tools, medication therapy, and scientific creativity. In response to their patients' higher expectations and more knowledge, who regularly seek out new and novel treatments on the basis of media attention and access to un reviewed material, such as the internet, advancements have also been made in gynaecologists' attitudes and practices. Women's quality of life is affected by gynaecological issues in a variety of ways, which highlights the utility and significance of patient-assessed health status indicators for assessing the subjective severity and therapeutic efficacy of common gynaecological illnesses. Many conventional gynaecological procedures are being replaced by laparoscopic and hysteroscopic surgery, medical care, and expectant management.

• The hysteroscopic metroplasty.
• vaginal progesterone
• Prenatal screening without cells.
• Epidural pain medication
• Laser treatment for the vagina
• Vaginal fertilization
• Robotic gynaecological surgeries
• Virtual reality can reduce labour pain

Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is used to identify healthy three- or five-day embryos for uterine transfer by using in vitro diagnostics to identify aneuploidy and monogenic diseases. Analysis of day 5 embryo biopsies combined with parental genome sequences provided highly accurate predictions of the postnatal genotypes relevant to 12 prevalent polygenic illnesses in a unique preclinical investigation of PGT for polygenic disorders [13]. Although this study offers proof-of-concept, it did not provide information on the risk scores' capacity to foretell disease manifestation. Further research is necessary to determine the therapeutic effectiveness of PGT in preventing polygenic illness in kids, as well as the consequences for fertility when there is a shortage of day 5 embryos.

• Polygeneic embryo screening 
• Evolution of preimplantation
• New approaches for multifactor implantation

SARS-CoV-2 placentitis is characterised by the combination of chronic histiocytic intervillositis, enhanced perivillous fibrin deposition, and villous trophoblast necrosis, which may lead to placentation. In a case series of 64 stillbirths and four neonatal fatalities linked to SARS-CoV-2 placentitis, 100% of placentas tested positive for the virus but only 59% of stillbirth/newborn body tissues . There was no proof that the fatalities were directly related to prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further research is required to ascertain the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 placentitis in COVID-19-positive pregnant individuals as well as the prevalence of stillbirths and neonatal deaths in people with the infection.

• SARS-CoV-2 placentitis in placentas has been identified.
• Massive perivillous fibrin accumulation.
• histological treatment of Severe acute respiratory placentitis

The capacity to conceive a child spontaneously is referred to as fertility. Not everyone has natural fertility. After one year of unprotected sexual activity, 11% of couples will experience infertility, which is the inability to conceive naturally. Not just women's health concerns affect fertility. Everybody may take actions to increase their fertility, and infertility can affect people of both genders. Here are some tips on how to boost your fertility, enhance the likelihood that you'll become pregnant soon, and lower your chance of experiencing infertility.

In-Vitro Fertilization

• Diagnosis and treatment of female infertility
• Ectopic fertilization and tubal infertility
• Surgery for the treatment of infertility and obesity
• Idiopathic Male Fertility Risk
• Using synthetic gametes and stimulating ovaries
• Evaluation and management of infertility

Miscarriages are highly frequent, occurring in up to 30% of pregnancies, according to estimates. While "spontaneous abortion" is a medical word for a miscarriage, terminology like "induced miscarriage" have been used to indicate intent to stop pregnancy. As a result, pregnancy loss is frequently misunderstood and confused with caused abortions. A spontaneous abortion is a pregnancy loss that occurs before 20 weeks of gestation. Unknown genetic disorders are the cause of about 50% of miscarriages.